In Geiger’s third paper, he integrates his prior work with dark energy to also describe an upper count bound to fundamental mass. The combination resolves expressions that accurately describe the motion of stars about a galactic core. Compared with model data provided by Stacey McGaugh, there is a 1.394 km/s standard deviation with respect to the first 84,000 lightyears of Milky way data. To date no single classical expression has shown such precision across the measurement domain.

Notably, the work does not employ hidden or free variables, new physics, new particles, or new forces, nor does it employ fitting, modeling, approximations, or alternatives such as additional dimensions, Loop Quantum Gravity, String Theory or Supersymmetry.

The paper, “Measurement Quantization Describes Galactic Rotational Velocities, Obviates Dark Matter Conjecture” can be found published in the Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation, and Cosmology.